Inhibitors of bruton&#39;s tyrosine kinase

ABSTRACT

This application discloses 5-phenyl-1H-pyridin-2-one and 6-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one derivatives according to generic Formulae I-IV: 
                         
wherein, variables R, X, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 2′ , Y 3 , Y 4 , n and m are defined as described herein, which inhibit Btk. The compounds disclosed herein are useful to modulate the activity of Btk and treat diseases associated with excessive Btk activity. The compounds are further useful to treat inflammatory and auto immune diseases associated with aberrant B-cell proliferation such as rheumatoid arthritis. Also disclosed are compositions comprising compounds of Formulae I-IV and at least one carrier, diluent or excipient.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/358,557, filed Jan. 26, 2012, now allowed; and a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/987,187, filed Jan. 10, 2011, now U.S.Pat. No. 8,124,604, issued Feb. 28, 2012; which is a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/456,911, filed Jun. 24, 2009, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,902,194, issued Mar. 8, 2011; and is entitled to the benefitof U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/075,277, filed onJun. 24, 2008. The entire contents of the above-identified applicationsare hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the use of novel derivatives whichinhibit Btk and are useful for the treatment of auto-immune andinflammatory diseases caused by aberrant B-cell activation. The novel5-phenyl-1H-pyridin-2-one and 6-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one derivativesdescribed herein are useful for the treatment of arthritis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Protein kinases constitute one of the largest families of human enzymesand regulate many different signaling processes by adding phosphategroups to proteins (T. Hunter, Cell 1987 50:823-829). Specifically,tyrosine kinases phosphorylate proteins on the phenolic moiety oftyrosine residues. The tyrosine kinase family includes members thatcontrol cell growth, migration, and differentiation. Abnormal kinaseactivity has been implicated in a variety of human diseases includingcancers, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Since protein kinases areamong the key regulators of cell signaling they provide a target tomodulate cellular function with small molecular kinase inhibitors andthus make good drug design targets. In addition to treatment ofkinase-mediated disease processes, selective and efficacious inhibitorsof kinase activity are also useful for investigation of cell signalingprocesses and identification of other cellular targets of therapeuticinterest.

There is good evidence that B-cells play a key role in the pathogenesisof autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease. Protein-based therapeuticsthat deplete B cells such as Rituxan are effective againstautoantibody-driven inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(Rastetter et al. Annu Rev Med 2004 55:477). Therefore inhibitors of theprotein kinases that play a role in B-cell activation should be usefultherapeutics for B-cell mediated disease pathology such as autoantibodyproduction.

Signaling through the B-cell receptor (BCR) controls a range of B-cellresponses including proliferation and differentiation into matureantibody producing cells. The BCR is a key regulatory point for B-cellactivity and aberrant signaling can cause deregulated B-cellproliferation and formation of pathogenic autoantibodies that lead tomultiple autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases. Bruton's TyrosineKinase (Btk) is a non-BCR associated kinase that is membrane proximaland immediately downstream from BCR. Lack of Btk has been shown to blockBCR signaling and therefore inhibition of Btk could be a usefultherapeutic approach to block B-cell mediated disease processes.

Btk is a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, and has beenshown to be a critical regulator of early B-cell development and matureB-cell activation and survival (Khan et al. Immunity 1995 3:283;Ellmeier et al. J. Exp. Med. 2000 192:1611). Mutation of Btk in humansleads to the condition X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) (reviewed inRosen et al. New Eng. J. Med. 1995 333:431 and Lindvall et al. Immunol.Rev. 2005 203:200). These patients are immunocompromised and showimpaired maturation of B-cells, decreased immunoglobulin and peripheralB-cell levels, diminished T-cell independent immune responses as well asattenuated calcium mobilization following BCR stimulation.

Evidence for a role for Btk in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases hasalso been provided by Btk-deficient mouse models. In preclinical murinemodels of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Btk-deficient mice showmarked amelioration of disease progression. In addition, Btk-deficientmice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis (Jansson and HolmdahlClin. Exp. Immunol. 1993 94:459). A selective Btk inhibitor has beendemonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in a mouse arthritis model (Z. Panet al., Chem. Med Chem. 2007 2:58-61).

Btk is also expressed by cells other than B-cells that may be involvedin disease processes. For example, Btk is expressed by mast cells andBtk-deficient bone marrow derived mast cells demonstrate impairedantigen induced degranulation (iwaki et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2005280:40261). This shows Btk could be useful to treat pathological mastcells responses such as allergy and asthma. Also monocytes from XLApatients, in which Btk activity is absent, show decreased TNF alphaproduction following stimulation (Harwood et al. J Exp Med 197:1603,2003). Therefore TNF alpha mediated inflammation could be modulated bysmall molecular Btk inhibitors. Also, Btk has been reported to play arole in apoptosis (Islam and Smith Immunol. Rev. 2000 178:49,) and thusBtk inhibitors would be useful for the treatment of certain B-celllymphomas and leukemias (Feldhahn et al. J. Exp. Med. 2005 201:1837,).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides the Btk inhibitor compounds of FormulaeI-IV, methods of use thereof, as described herein below:

The application provides a compound of Formula I,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y¹ is methyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein X is CH.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein m is 0 and nis 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, m is 0 and n is 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein X is CH, Y² ishydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, m is 0 and n is 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula I, wherein

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula II,

wherein:R is H, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, —R² or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The application provides a compound of Formula II, wherein Y¹ is methyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula II, wherein X is CH.

The application provides a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 0 and nis 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula II, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula II, wherein Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula III,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, —R² or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′),        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl,        halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The application provides a compound of Formula III, wherein Y¹ is methyland X is CH.

The application provides a compound of Formula III, wherein m is 0 and nis 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula III, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula IV,

wherein:R is H, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, —R² or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The application provides a compound of Formula IV, wherein Y¹ is methyland X is CH.

The application provides a compound of Formula IV, wherein m is 0 and nis 0.

The application provides a compound of Formula IV, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl.

The application provides a compound selected from the group consistingof

-   1-{5-[3-(7-tert-Butyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-methyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-3-methyl-urea;-   7-Dimethylamino-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one;-   7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one;-   7-Dimethylamino-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one;-   1-{5-[3-(7-Dimethylamino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-methyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-3-methyl-urea;-   7-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one;-   7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one;-   6-Dimethylamino-2-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-Dimethylamino-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-Dimethylamino-2-{2-hydroxymethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl]-phenyl}-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-   6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-{2-hydroxymethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl]-phenyl}-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-[2-hydroxymethyl-3-(5-{5-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-pyridin-2-ylamino}-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)-phenyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one-   6-Dimethylamino-2-[2-hydroxymethyl-3-(5-{5-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-pyridin-2-ylamino}-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)-phenyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-Dimethylamino-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   2-(3-{5-[5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-6-tert-butyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   2-(3-{5-[5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-6-dimethylamino-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-(3-{5-[5-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   6-tert-Butyl-2-{2-hydroxymethyl-3-[1-methyl-6-oxo-5-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl]-phenyl}-2H-phthalazin-1-one;-   4-(6-{5-[3-(6-tert-Butyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-ylamino}-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic    acid tert-butyl ester;-   5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one;-   5-[3-(6-Cyclopropyl-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one;-   5-[3-(6-Dimethylamino-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one;    and-   5-[3-(6-Fluoro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one.

The application provides a method for treating an inflammatory and/orautoimmune condition comprising administering to a patient in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of the Btk inhibitor compoundof any one of Formulae I-IV.

The application provides a method for treating arthritis comprisingadministering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of Formulae I-IV.

The application provides a method for treating rheumatoid arthritiscomprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the aboveFormulae or variations thereof.

The application provides a method for treating asthma comprisingadministering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the above Formulae orvariations thereof.

The application provides a method for treating lupus comprisingadministering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the above Formulae orvariations thereof

The application provides a compound of Formula I′,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c) or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, X is N, n is 0 and in is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0, and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl and Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0, and in is0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y² is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y² is hydroxyethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y² is halogen.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, X is CH, n is 0, and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0, and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is methyl, X is CH, nis 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxyethyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is halogen, X is CH, nis 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula

R is —R¹—R²R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isN, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isN, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula I′, Y¹ is methyl, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X isCH, n is 0, m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula I′,

R is —R¹—R²-R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula II′,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, X is N, n is 0 and in is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X is N, n is 0and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxyethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is halogen.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, X is CH, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X is CH, n is 0and in is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0 and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and in is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis CH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, Xis N, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula II′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula II′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula III′,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O), —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl,        halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0, m is 0, and Xis N.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, in is 0, and X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0, in is 0, and Xis CH.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxyethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is halogen.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R¹.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula III′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula III′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula IV′,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl,        halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, n is 0 and in is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0, m is 0, and X isN.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y¹ is methyl, n is 0, m is 0, and X isCH.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxyethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is halogen.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, X is CH, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula IV′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula IV′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, nis 0, m is 0, and X is N, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a compound of Formula V′,

wherein:R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³;

-   -   R¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is        optionally substituted with R^(1′);        -   R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower            alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,            cyano, or lower haloalkyl;    -   R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O, —C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂;        -   R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl;        -   q is 1, 2, or 3;    -   R³ is H or R⁴;    -   R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower heteroalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl, heteroaryl        alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,        heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl        alkyl, and is optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen,        nitro, amino, cyano, lower alkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl;        X is CH or N;        Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;        Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b);    -   Y^(2a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(2b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2b′);        -   Y^(2b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) or Y^(2′b);    -   Y^(2′a) is halogen;    -   Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        Y^(2′b′);        -   Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or halogen;            n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.            Y³ is H, halogen, or lower alkyl, wherein lower alkyl is            optionally substituted with one or more substituents            selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, lower alkoxy,            amino, and halogen;            m is 0 or 1;            Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c), or Y^(4d);    -   Y^(4a) is H or halogen;    -   Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy;    -   Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or        more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower        alkyl, lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower        alkoxy; and    -   Y^(4d) is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower        alkyl;        or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, X is N.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, X is N, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X is N, n is 0 andin is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is methyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxyethyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is halogen.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, X is CH.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, X is CH, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, X is CH, n is 0and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0 and m is0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isCH, n is 0 and in is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ is H, halogen, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R¹—R²-R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isCH, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y² is hydroxymethyl, Y¹ is methyl, X isN, n is 0 and m is 0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H or lower alkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y¹ is methyl, X is CH, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

In one variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R¹—R²—R³;

R¹ is phenyl or pyridyl;

R² is —C(═O);

R³ is R⁴; and

R⁴ is morpholine or piperazine, optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl.

In another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is —R²—R³;

R² is —C(═O)NH;

R³ is H or R⁴; and

R⁴ is lower alkyl.

In yet another variation of the above embodiment of Formula V′,

R is R¹; and

R¹ is pyrazolyl, optionally substituted with R^(1′).

In one embodiment of Formula V′, Y¹ is methyl, X is N, n is 0 and m is0, and Y⁴ is

wherein, Y⁵ and Y⁶ are independently H, lower alkyl, or lower haloalkyl.

The application provides a method for treating an inflammatory and/orautoimmune condition comprising administering to a patient in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of the Btk inhibitor compoundof any one of the above Formulae or variations thereof.

The application provides a method for treating arthritis comprisingadministering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the above Formulae orvariations thereof

The application provides a method of inhibiting B-cell proliferationcomprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the aboveFormulae or variations thereof.

The application provides a method for inhibiting Btk activity comprisingadministering the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the aboveFormulae or variations thereof, wherein the Btk inhibitor compoundexhibits an IC₅₀ of 50 micromolar or less in an in vitro biochemicalassay of Btk activity.

In one variation of the above method, the Btk inhibitor compoundexhibits an IC₅₀ of 100 nanomolar or less in an in vitro biochemicalassay of Btk activity.

In one variation of the above method, the compound exhibits an IC₅₀ of10 nanomolar or less in an in vitro biochemical assay of Btk activity.

The application provides a method for treating an inflammatory conditioncomprising co-administering to a patient in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of an anti-inflammatory compound incombination with the Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the aboveFormulae or variations thereof

The application provides a method for treating arthritis comprisingco-administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of an anti-inflammatory compound in combination withthe Btk inhibitor compound of any one of the above Formulae orvariations thereof.

The application provides a method for treating a lymphoma or a BCR-ABL1⁺leukemia cells by administering to a patient in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of the Btk inhibitor compound of anyone of the above Formulae or variations thereof.

The application provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the Btkinhibitor compound of any one of the above Formulae or variationsthereof, admixed with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,excipient or diluent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides compounds of generic Formulae I-IV,which comprise the Btk inhibitor compounds of Formulae I-1 to I-3, II-1to II-4, III-1 to III-14, and IV-1 to IV-4, wherein variables Q, R, X,Y¹, Y², Y³, Y⁴, n, and m are as defined herein above.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a compoundaccording to generic Formula I which comprises the exemplified Btkinhibitor compounds of Formulae I-1 to I-3. In another embodiment of thepresent invention, there is provided a compound according to genericFormula II which comprises the exemplified Btk inhibitor compounds ofFormulae II-1 to II-4. In yet another embodiment of the presentinvention, there is provided a compound according to generic Formula IIIwhich comprises the exemplified Btk inhibitor compounds of FormulaeIII-1 to III-14. In yet another embodiment of the present invention,there is provided a compound according to generic Formula IV whichcomprises the exemplified Btk inhibitor compounds of Formulae IV-1 toIV-4.

The present application discloses 5-phenyl-1H-pyridin-2-one and6-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one derivatives according to generic FormulaeI-IV:

The phrase “as defined herein above” refers to the broadest definitionfor each group as provided in the Summary of the Invention or thebroadest claim. In all other aspects, variations and embodimentsprovided, substituents which can be present in each embodiment and whichare not explicitly defined retain the broadest definition provided inthe Summary of the Invention.

The compounds of generic Formulae I-IV inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase(Btk). Activation of Btk by upstream kinases results in activation ofphospholipase-C□ which, in turn, stimulates release of pro-inflammatorymediators. The compounds of generic Formulae I-IV, incorporatingsubstituted side chains of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-1-one,2,3-Dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one, 2H-Isoquinolin-1-one,3H-Quinazolin-4-one, 1H-Quinolin-4-one, 2H-Phthalazin-1-one, or3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-dioxide on the5-phenyl-1H-pyridin-2-one and 6-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one ring systems,exhibit unexpectedly enhanced inhibitory activity compared to analogueswithout said bicyclic side chains. Furthermore, inhibitory activity isenhanced when Y² is lower alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy.Inhibitory activity is enhanced when Y² is hydroxymethyl. Compounds ofFormulae I-IV are useful in the treatment of arthritis and otheranti-inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Compounds according toFormulae I-IV are, accordingly, useful for the treatment of arthritis.Compounds of Formulae I-IV are useful for inhibiting Btk in cells andfor modulating B-cell development. The present invention furthercomprises pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of FormulaeI-IV admixed with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipients ordiluents.

DEFINITIONS

The phrase “a” or “an” entity as used herein refers to one or more ofthat entity; for example, a compound refers to one or more compounds orat least one compound. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more”,and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.

The phrase “as defined herein above” refers to the broadest definitionfor each group as provided in the Summary of the Invention or thebroadest claim. In all other embodiments provided below, substituentswhich can be present in each embodiment and which are not explicitlydefined retain the broadest definition provided in the Summary of theInvention.

As used in this specification, whether in a transitional phrase or inthe body of the claim, the terms “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are tobe interpreted as having an open-ended meaning. That is, the terms areto be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or“including at least”. When used in the context of a process, the term“comprising” means that the process includes at least the recited steps,but may include additional steps. When used in the context of a compoundor composition, the term “comprising” means that the compound orcomposition includes at least the recited features or components, butmay also include additional features or components.

As used herein, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the word “or”is used in the “inclusive” sense of “and/or” and not the “exclusive”sense of “either/or”.

The term “independently” is used herein to indicate that a variable isapplied in any one instance without regard to the presence or absence ofa variable having that same or a different definition within the samecompound. Thus, in a compound in which R″ appears twice and is definedas “independently carbon or nitrogen”, both R″s can be carbon, both R″scan be nitrogen, or one R″ can be carbon and the other nitrogen.

When any variable occurs more than one time in any moiety or formuladepicting and describing compounds employed or claimed in the presentinvention, its definition on each occurrence is independent of itsdefinition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituentsand/or variables are permissible only if such compounds result in stablecompounds.

The symbols “*” at the end of a bond or “

” drawn through a bond each refer to the point of attachment of afunctional group or other chemical moiety to the rest of the molecule ofwhich it is a part. Thus, for example:MeC(═O)R⁴ wherein R⁴=

or

MeC(═O)O

.

A bond drawn into ring system (as opposed to connected at a distinctvertex) indicates that the bond may be attached to any of the suitablering atoms.

The term “optional” or “optionally” as used herein means that asubsequently described event or circumstance may, but need not, occur,and that the description includes instances where the event orcircumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example,“optionally substituted” means that the optionally substituted moietymay incorporate a hydrogen or a substituent.

The phrase “optional bond” means that the bond may or may not bepresent, and that the description includes single, double, or triplebonds. If a substituent is designated to be a “bond” or “absent”, theatoms linked to the substituents are then directly connected.

The term “about” is used herein to mean approximately, in the region of,roughly, or around. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with anumerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundariesabove and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term“about” is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below thestated value by a variance of 20%.

Certain compounds of formulae I-IV may exhibit tautomerism. Tautomericcompounds can exist as two or more interconvertable species. Prototropictautomers result from the migration of a covalently bonded hydrogen atombetween two atoms. Tautomers generally exist in equilibrium and attemptsto isolate an individual tautomers usually produce a mixture whosechemical and physical properties are consistent with a mixture ofcompounds. The position of the equilibrium is dependent on chemicalfeatures within the molecule. For example, in many aliphatic aldehydesand ketones, such as acetaldehyde, the keto form predominates while; inphenols, the enol form predominates. Common prototropic tautomersinclude keto/enol (—C(═O)—CH—

—C(—OH)═CH—), amide/imidic acid (—C(═O)—NH—

—C(—OH)═N—) and amidine (—C(═NR)—NH—

—C(—NHR)═N—) tautomers. The latter two are particularly common inheteroaryl and heterocyclic rings and the present invention encompassesall tautomeric forms of the compounds.

Technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonlyunderstood by one of skill in the art to which the present inventionpertains, unless otherwise defined. Reference is made herein to variousmethodologies and materials known to those of skill in the art. Standardreference works setting forth the general principles of pharmacologyinclude Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,10^(th) Ed., McGraw Hill Companies Inc., New York (2001). Any suitablematerials and/or methods known to those of skill can be utilized incarrying out the present invention. However, preferred materials andmethods are described. Materials, reagents and the like to whichreference are made in the following description and examples areobtainable from commercial sources, unless otherwise noted.

The definitions described herein may be appended to formchemically-relevant combinations, such as “heteroalkylaryl,”“haloalkylheteroaryl,” “arylalkylheterocyclyl,” “alkylcarbonyl,”“alkoxyalkyl,” and the like. When the term “alkyl” is used as a suffixfollowing another term, as in “phenylalkyl,” or “hydroxyalkyl,” this isintended to refer to an alkyl group, as defined above, being substitutedwith one to two substituents selected from the other specifically-namedgroup. Thus, for example, “phenylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group havingone to two phenyl substituents, and thus includes benzyl, phenylethyl,and biphenyl. An “alkylaminoalkyl” is an alkyl group having one to twoalkylamino substituents. “Hydroxyalkyl” includes 2-hydroxyethyl,2-hydroxypropyl, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl,2,3-dihydroxybutyl, 2-(hydroxymethyl), 3-hydroxypropyl, and so forth.Accordingly, as used herein, the term “hydroxyalkyl” is used to define asubset of heteroalkyl groups defined below. The term -(ar)alkyl refersto either an unsubstituted alkyl or an aralkyl group. The term(hetero)aryl or (het)aryl refers to either an aryl or a heteroarylgroup.

The term “acyl” as used herein denotes a group of formula —C(═O)Rwherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl as defined herein. The term or“alkylcarbonyl” as used herein denotes a group of formula C(═O)R whereinR is alkyl as defined herein. The term C₁₋₆ acyl refers to a group—C(═O)R contain 6 carbon atoms. The term “arylcarbonyl” as used hereinmeans a group of formula C(═O)R wherein R is an aryl group; the term“benzoyl” as used herein an “arylcarbonyl” group wherein R is phenyl.

The term “alkyl” as used herein denotes an unbranched or branched chain,saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon residue containing 1 to 10 carbonatoms. The term “lower alkyl” denotes a straight or branched chainhydrocarbon residue containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. “C₁₋₁₀ alkyl” asused herein refers to an alkyl composed of 1 to 10 carbons. Examples ofalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl groups includemethyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl or pentyl,isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl.

When the term “alkyl” is used as a suffix following another term, as in“phenylalkyl,” or “hydroxyalkyl,” this is intended to refer to an alkylgroup, as defined above, being substituted with one to two substituentsselected from the other specifically-named group. Thus, for example,“phenylalkyl” denotes the radical R′R″—, wherein R′ is a phenyl radical,and R″ is an alkylene radical as defined herein with the understandingthat the attachment point of the phenylalkyl moiety will be on thealkylene radical. Examples of arylalkyl radicals include, but are notlimited to, benzyl, phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl. The terms “arylalkyl”or “aralkyl” are interpreted similarly except R′ is an aryl radical. Theterms “(het)arylalkyl” or “(het)aralkyl” are interpreted similarlyexcept R′ is optionally an aryl or a heteroaryl radical.

The term “alkylene” or “alkylenyl” as used herein denotes a divalentsaturated linear hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g.,(CH₂)_(n)) or a branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of 2 to10 carbon atoms (e.g., —CHMe- or —CH₂CH(i-Pr)CH₂—), unless otherwiseindicated. Except in the case of methylene, the open valences of analkylene group are not attached to the same atom. Examples of alkyleneradicals include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene,propylene, 2-methyl-propylene, 1,1-dimethyl-ethylene, butylene,2-ethylbutylene.

The term “alkoxy” as used herein means an —O-alkyl group, wherein alkylis as defined above such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, i-propyloxy,n-butyloxy, i-butyloxy, t-butyloxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, including theirisomers. “Lower alkoxy” as used herein denotes an alkoxy group with a“lower alkyl” group as previously defined. “C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy” as used hereinrefers to an-O-alkyl wherein alkyl is C₁₋₁₀.

The term “alkoxyalkyl” as used herein refers to the radical R′R″—,wherein R′ is an alkoxy radical as defined herein, and R″ is an alkyleneradical as defined herein with the understanding that the attachmentpoint of the alkoxyalkyl moiety will be on the alkylene radical. C₁₋₆alkoxyalkyl denotes a group wherein the alkyl portion is comprised of1-6 carbon atoms exclusive of carbon atoms in the alkoxy portion of thegroup. C₁₋₃ alkoxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl denotes a group wherein the alkyl portionis comprised of 1-6 carbon atoms and the alkoxy group is 1-3 carbons.Examples are methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxymethyl,ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propyloxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxybutyl,propyloxybutyl, butyloxybutyl, t-butyloxybutyl, methoxypentyl,ethoxypentyl, propyloxypentyl including their isomers.

The term “hydroxyalkyl” as used herein denotes an alkyl radical asherein defined wherein one to three hydrogen atoms on different carbonatoms is/are replaced by hydroxyl groups.

The terms “alkylsulfonyl” and “arylsulfonyl” as used herein refers to agroup of formula —S(═O)₂R wherein R is alkyl or aryl respectively andalkyl and aryl are as defined herein. The term “heteroalkylsulfonyl” asused herein refers herein denotes a group of formula —S(═O)₂R wherein Ris “heteroalkyl” as defined herein.

The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein refers to a saturated carbocyclicring containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms, i.e. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl. “C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl” asused herein refers to an cycloalkyl composed of 3 to 7 carbons in thecarbocyclic ring.

“Aryl” means a monovalent cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moiety consistingof a mono-, bi- or tricyclic aromatic ring. The aryl group can beoptionally substituted as defined herein. Examples of aryl moietiesinclude, but are not limited to, optionally substituted phenyl,naphthyl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, oxydiphenyl,biphenyl, methylenediphenyl, aminodiphenyl, diphenylsulfidyl,diphenylsulfonyl, diphenylisopropylidenyl, benzodioxanyl, benzodioxylyl,benzoxazinyl, benzoxazinonyl, benzopiperadinyl, benzopiperadinyl,benzopyrrolidinyl, benzomorpholinyl, methylenedioxyphenyl,ethylenedioxyphenyl, and the like. The aryl group may optionally befused to a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, as herein defined.Examples of an aryl group fused to a heterocycloalkyl group include3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine, and1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline. Preferred aryl include optionallysubstituted phenyl and optionally substituted naphthyl.

The term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” as used herein means amonocyclic or bicyclic radical of 5 to 12 ring atoms having at least onearomatic ring containing four to eight atoms per ring, incorporating oneor more N, O, or S heteroatoms, the remaining ring atoms being carbon,with the understanding that the attachment point of the heteroarylradical will be on an aromatic ring. As well known to those skilled inthe art, heteroaryl rings have less aromatic character than theirall-carbon counter parts. Thus, for the purposes of the invention, aheteroaryl group need only have some degree of aromatic character.Examples of heteroaryl moieties include monocyclic aromatic heterocycleshaving 5 to 6 ring atoms and 1 to 3 heteroatoms include, but is notlimited to, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, oxazol, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, triazoline,thiadiazole and oxadiaxoline which can optionally be substituted withone or more, preferably one or two substituents selected from hydroxy,cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, thio, lower haloalkoxy, alkylthio, halogen, lowerhaloalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, amino, alkylamino,dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, and dialkylaminoalkyl, nitro,alkoxycarbonyl and carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl,arylcarbamoyl, alkylcarbonylamino and arylcarbonylamino. Examples ofbicyclic moieties include, but are not limited to, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, benzofuryl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole,benzothiazole and benzisothiazole. Bicyclic moieties can be optionallysubstituted on either ring; however the point of attachment is on a ringcontaining a heteroatom.

The term “heterocycloalkyl”, “heterocyclyl”, or “heterocycle” as usedherein denotes a monovalent saturated cyclic radical, consisting of oneor more fused or spirocyclic rings, preferably one to two rings, ofthree to eight atoms per ring, incorporating one or more ringheteroatoms (chosen from N, O or S(O)₀₋₂), and which can optionally beindependently substituted with one or more, preferably one or twosubstituents selected from hydroxy, oxo, cyano, lower alkyl, loweralkoxy, lower haloalkoxy, alkylthio, halogen, lower haloalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, nitro, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino, alkylsulfonyl,arylsulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, arylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino,arylsulfonylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl,alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, unless otherwise indicated.Examples of heterocyclic radicals include, but are not limited to,azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, hexahydroazepinyl, oxetanyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl,isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl,tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, quinuclidinyl and imidazolinyl.

Commonly used abbreviations include: acetyl (Ac),azo-bis-isobutyrylnitrile (AIBN), atmospheres (Atm),9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN or BBN), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc),di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate or boc anhydride (BOC₂O), benzyl (Bn), butyl(Bu), Chemical Abstracts Registration Number (CASRN), benzyloxycarbonyl(CBZ or Z), carbonyl diimidazole (CDI), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO), diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (RAST), dibenzylideneacetone(dba), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN),1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), dichloromethane (DCM), diethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD), di-iso-propylazodicarboxylate (DIAD),di-iso-butylaluminumhydride (DIBAL or DIBAL-H), di-iso-propylethylamine(DIPEA), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),1,1′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe),1,1′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf),1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI),ethyl (Et), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH),2-ethoxy-2H-quinoline-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (EEDQ), diethylether (Et₂O), O-(7-azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N, N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate acetic acid (HATU), acetic acid (HOAc),1-N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC), iso-propanol (IPA), lithium hexamethyl disilazane (LiHMDS),methanol (MeOH), melting point (mp), MeSO₂-(mesyl or Ms), methyl (Me),acetonitrile (MeCN), m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), mass spectrum(ms), methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS),N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-methylmorpholine(NMM), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC),pyridinium dichromate (PDC), phenyl (Ph), propyl (Pr), iso-propyl(i-Pr), pounds per square inch (psi), pyridine (pyr), room temperature(rt or RT), tert-butyldimethylsilyl or t-BuMe₂Si (TBDMS), triethylamine(TEA or Et₃N), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), triflate orCF₃SO₂-(Tf), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA),1,1′-bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-2,6-dione (TMHD),O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate(TBTU), thin layer chromatography (TLC), tetrahydrofuran (THF),trimethylsilyl or Me₃Si (TMS), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOHor pTsOH), 4-Me-C₆H₄SO₂— or tosyl (Ts), N-urethane-N-carboxyanhydride(UNCA). Conventional nomenclature including the prefixes normal (n), iso(i-), secondary (sec-), tertiary (tert-) and neo have their customarymeaning when used with an alkyl moiety. (J. Rigaudy and D. P. Klesney,Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry, IUPAC 1979 Pergamon Press, Oxford.).

The term “arthritis” as used herein means acute rheumatic arthritis,chronic rheumatoid arthritis, chlamydial arthritis, chronic absorptivearthritis, chylous arthritis, arthritis based on bowel disease, filarialarthritis, gonorrheal arthritis, gouty arthritis, hemophilic arthritis,hypertrophic arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, Lyme arthritis,neonatal foal arthritis, nodular arthritis, ochronotic arthritis,psoriatic arthritis or suppurative arthritis, or the related diseaseswhich require the administration to a mammal in a therapeutic effectivedose of a compound of Formulae I-V in a sufficient dose to inhibit BTK.

The compounds of this invention can be used to treat subjects withautoimmune conditions or disorders. As used herein, the term “autoimmunecondition” and like terms means a disease, disorder or condition causedby the immune system of an animal. Autoimmune disorders are thosewherein the animal's own immune system mistakenly attacks itself,thereby targeting the cells, tissues, and/or organs of the animal's ownbody. For example, the autoimmune reaction is directed against thenervous system in multiple sclerosis and the gut in Crohn's disease. Inother autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus),affected tissues and organs may vary among individuals with the samedisease. One person with lupus may have affected skin and joints whereasanother may have affected skin, kidney, and lungs. Ultimately, damage tocertain tissues by the immune system may be permanent, as withdestruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas in Type 1diabetes mellitus. Specific autoimmune disorders that may be amelioratedusing the compounds and methods of this invention include withoutlimitation, autoimmune disorders of the nervous system (e.g., multiplesclerosis, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune neuropathies such asGuillain-Barre, and autoimmune uveitis), autoimmune disorders of theblood (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, andautoimmune thrombocytopenia), autoimmune disorders of the blood vessels(e.g., temporal arteritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, vasculitides suchas Wegener's granulomatosis, and Behcet's disease), autoimmune disordersof the skin (e.g., psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigusvulgaris, and vitiligo), autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinalsystem (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, primary biliarycirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis), autoimmune disorders of theendocrine glands (e.g., Type 1 or immune-mediated diabetes mellitus,Grave's disease. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune oophoritis andorchitis, and autoimmune disorder of the adrenal gland); and autoimmunedisorders of multiple organs (including connective tissue andmusculoskeletal system diseases) (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemiclupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis,spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis, and Sjogren'ssyndrome) or the related diseases which require the administration to amammal in a therapeutic effective dose of a compound of Formulae I-V ina sufficient dose to inhibit BTK. In addition, other immune systemmediated diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease and allergicdisorders, are also included in the definition of immune disordersherein. Because a number of immune disorders are caused by inflammation,there is some overlap between disorders that are considered immunedisorders and inflammatory disorders. For the purpose of this invention,in the case of such an overlapping disorder, it may be considered eitheran immune disorder or an inflammatory disorder. “Treatment of an immunedisorder” herein refers to administering a compound or a composition ofthe invention to a subject, who has an immune disorder, a symptom ofsuch a disease or a predisposition towards such a disease, with thepurpose to cure, relieve, alter, affect, or prevent the autoimmunedisorder, the symptom of it, or the predisposition towards it.

As used herein, the term “asthma” means a pulmonary disease, disorder orcondition characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airwayinflammation, and increased airway responsiveness to a variety ofstimuli.

The terms “treat,” “treatment,” or “treating” refer to both therapeutictreatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the objectis to prevent or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change ordisorder, such as the development or spread of cancer. Beneficial ordesired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation ofsymptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., notworsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression,amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whetherpartial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” canalso mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if notreceiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those alreadywith the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have thecondition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is tobe prevented. For example, treating an inflammatory condition meansreducing the extent or severity of the inflammation. The reduction canmean but is not limited to the complete ablation of inflammation. Forexample, the reduction can comprise a 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% reduction, or any point in between, compared toan untreated or control subject as determined by any suitablemeasurement technique or assay disclosed herein or known in the art.

Compounds and Preparation

Examples of representative compounds encompassed by the presentinvention and within the scope of the invention are provided in thefollowing Table. These examples and preparations which follow areprovided to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understandand to practice the present invention. They should not be considered aslimiting the scope of the invention, but merely as being illustrativeand representative thereof

In general, the nomenclature used in this Application is based onAUTONOM™ v.4.0, a Beilstein Institute computerized system for thegeneration of IUPAC systematic nomenclature. If there is a discrepancybetween a depicted structure and a name given that structure, thedepicted structure is to be accorded more weight. In addition, if thestereochemistry of a structure or a portion of a structure is notindicated with, for example, bold or dashed lines, the structure orportion of the structure is to be interpreted as encompassing allstereoisomers of it.

TABLE I depicts examples of pyridinone and pyridazinone compounds ofgeneric Formulae I-IV:

TABLE I Compound # Structure Nomenclature MP I-1

1-{5-[3-(7-tert- Butyl-4-oxo-4H- quinazolin-3-yl)-2- methyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2- dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-3-methyl-urea I-2

7-Dimethylamino- 3-(2-methyl-3-{1- methyl-5-[5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H- quinazolin-4-one I-3

7-tert-Butyl-3-(2- methyl-3-{1-methyl- 5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H- quinazolin-4-one II-1

7-Dimethylamino- 3-(2-methyl-3-{1- methyl-5-[5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3- dihydro-1H- quinazolin-4-one 247.1- 250.9 II-2

1-{5-[3-(7- Dimethylamino-4- oxo-1,4-dihydro-2H- quinazolin-3-yl)-2-methyl-phenyl]-1- methyl-2-oxo-1,2- dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-3-methyl-urea218.5- 223.8 II-3

7-(1-Hydroxy-1- methyl-ethyl)-3-(2- methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-phenyl)-2,3- dihydro-1H- quinazolin-4-one 196.0-197.0 II-4

7-tert-Butyl-3-(2- methyl-3-{1-methyl- 5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3- dihydro-1H- quinazolin-4-one III-1

6-Dimethylamino- 2-(2-methyl-3-{1- methyl-5-[5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-2

6-Dimethylamino- 2-(2-hydroxymethyl- 3-{1-methyl-5-[5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-3

6-Dimethylamino- 2-{2- hydroxymethyl-3-[1- methyl-5-(5- morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)- 6-oxo-1,6-dihydro- pyridin-3-yl]- phenyl}-2H-phthalazin-1-one III-4

6-tert-Butyl-2-(2- hydroxymethyl-3- {1-methyl-5-[5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-5

6-tert-Butyl-2-{2- hydroxymethyl-3-[1- methyl-5-(5- morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)- 6-oxo-1,6-dihydro- pyridin-3-yl]- phenyl}-2H-phthalazin-1-one III-6

6-tert-Butyl-2-[2- hydroxymethyl-3-(5- {5-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1- yl]-pyridin-2- ylamino}-1-methyl- 6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)- phenyl]-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-7

6-Dimethylamino- 2-[2-hydroxymethyl- 3-(5-{5-[4-(2- methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- pyridin-2-ylamino}- 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3- yl)-phenyl]-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-8

6-Dimethylamino- 2-(2-hydroxymethyl- 3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1- yl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-phenyl)-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-9

2-(3-{5-[5-(4- Acetyl-piperazin-1- yl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro- pyridin-3-yl}-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl)-6-tert-butyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one III-10

2-(3-{5-[5-(4- Acetyl-piperazin-1- yl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro- pyridin-3-yl}-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl)-6-dimethylamino-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-11

6-tert-Butyl-2-(2- hydroxymethyl-3- {1-methyl-5-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1- yl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-phenyl)-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-12

6-tert-Butyl-2-(3- {5-[5-(4-ethyl- piperazin-1-yl)- pyridin-2-ylamino]-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6- dihydro-pyridin-3- yl}-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one III-13

6-tert-Butyl-2-{2- hydroxymethyl-3-[1- methyl-6-oxo-5-(5-piperazin-1-yl- pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl]-phenyl}-2H- phthalazin-1-one III-14

4-(6-{5-[3-(6-tert- Butyl-1-oxo-1H- phthalazin-2-yl)-2- hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-2- oxo-1,2-dihydro- pyridin-3-ylamino}- pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1- carboxylic acid tert- butyl ester IV-1

5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1- dioxo-3,4-dihydro- 1H-1λ6- benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl]-1-methyl-3- [5-(molpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1H- pyridin-2-one IV-2

5-[3-(6- Cyclopropyl- 1,1-dioxo-3,4- dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin- 2-yl)-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1H- pyridin-2-one IV-3

5-[3-(6- Dimethylamino-1,1- dioxo-3,4-dihydro- 1H-1λ6-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin- 2-yl)-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1H- pyridin-2-one IV-4

5-[3-(6-Fluoro-1,1- dioxo-3,4-dihydro- 1H-1λ6- benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2- hydroxymethyl- phenyl]-1-methyl-3- [5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2- ylamino]-1H- pyridin-2-one

Pharmacological Activity

The pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives described herein are kinaseinhibitors, in particular Btk inhibitors. These inhibitors can be usefulfor treating one or more diseases responsive to kinase inhibition,including diseases responsive to Btk inhibition and/or inhibition ofB-cell proliferation, in mammals. Without wishing to be bound to anyparticular theory, it is believed that the interaction of the compoundsof the invention with Btk results in the inhibition of Btk activity andthus in the pharmaceutical utility of these compounds. Accordingly, theinvention includes a method of treating a mammal, for instance a human,having a disease responsive to inhibition of Btk activity, and/orinhibiting B-cell proliferation, comprising administrating to the mammalhaving such a disease, an effective amount of at least one chemicalentity provided herein. An effective concentration may be ascertainedexperimentally, for example by assaying blood concentration of thecompound, or theoretically, by calculating bioavailability. Otherkinases that may be affected in addition to Btk include, but are notlimited to, other tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases.

Kinases play notable roles in signaling pathways controlling fundamentalcellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death(apoptosis). Abnormal kinase activity has been implicated in a widerange of diseases, including multiple cancers, autoimmune and/orinflammatory diseases, and acute inflammatory reactions. Themultifaceted role of kinases in key cell signaling pathways provides asignificant opportunity to identify novel drugs targeting kinases andsignaling pathways.

An embodiment includes a method of treating a patient having anautoimmune and/or inflammatory disease, or an acute inflammatoryreaction responsive to inhibition of Btk activity and/or B-cellproliferation.

Autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases that can be affected usingcompounds and compositions according to the invention include, but arenot limited to: psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowelsyndrome, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection, and hyperacuterejection of transplanted organs, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus(and associated glomerulonephritis), dermatomyositis, multiplesclerosis, scleroderma, vasculitis (ANCA-associated and othervasculitides), autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic states,Goodpasture's syndrome (and associated glomerulonephritis and pulmonaryhemorrhage), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic Idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Addison's disease, Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, septic shock, and myasthenia gravis,

Included herein are methods of treatment in which at least one chemicalentity provided herein is administered in combination with ananti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agents include but are notlimited to NSAIDs, non-specific and COX-2 specific cyclooxgenase enzymeinhibitors, gold compounds, corticosteroids, methotrexate, tumornecrosis factor receptor (TNF) receptors antagonists, immunosuppressantsand methotrexate.

Examples of NSAIDs include, but are not limited to, ibuprofen,flurbiprofen, naproxen and naproxen sodium, diclofenac, combinations ofdiclofenac sodium and misoprostol, sulindac, oxaprozin, diflunisal,piroxicam, indomethacin, etodolac, fenoprofen calcium, ketoprofen,sodium nabumetone, sulfasalazine, tolmetin sodium, andhydroxychloroquine. Examples of NSAIDs also include COX-2 specificinhibitors such as celecoxib, valdecoxib, lumiracoxib and/or etoricoxib.

In some embodiments, the anti-inflammatory agent is a salicylate.Salicylates include by are not limited to acetylsalicylic acid oraspirin, sodium salicylate, and choline and magnesium salicylates.

The anti-inflammatory agent may also be a corticosteroid. For example,the corticosteroid may be cortisone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone,prednisolone, prednisolone sodium phosphate, or prednisone.

In additional embodiments the anti-inflammatory agent is a gold compoundsuch as gold sodium thiomalate or auranofin.

The invention also includes embodiments in which the anti-inflammatoryagent is a metabolic inhibitor such as a dihydrofolate reductaseinhibitor, such as methotrexate or a dihydroorotate dehydrogenaseinhibitor, such as leflunomide.

Other embodiments of the invention pertain to combinations in which atleast one anti-inflammatory compound is an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody(such as eculizumab or pexelizumab), a TNF antagonist, such asentanercept, or infliximab, which is an anti-TNF alpha monoclonalantibody.

Still other embodiments of the invention pertain to combinations inwhich at least one active agent is an immunosuppressant compound such asan immunosuppressant compound chosen from methotrexate, leflunomide,cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil.

B-cells and B-cell precursors expressing BTK have been implicated in thepathology of B-cell malignancies, including, but not limited to, B-celllymphoma, lymphoma (including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma),hairy cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic and acute myelogenousleukemia and chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia.

BTK has been shown to be an inhibitor of the Fas/APO-1 (CD-95) deathinducing signaling complex (DISC) in B-lineage lymphoid cells. The fateof leukemia/lymphoma cells may reside in the balance between theopposing proapoptotic effects of caspases activated by DISC and anupstream anti-apoptotic regulatory mechanism involving BTK and/or itssubstrates (Vassilev et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 274, 1646-1656).

It has also been discovered that BTK inhibitors are useful aschemosensitizing agents, and, thus, are useful in combination with otherchemotherapeutic drugs, in particular, drugs that induce apoptosis.Examples of other chemotherapeutic drugs that can be used in combinationwith chemosensitizing BTK inhibitors include topoisomerase I inhibitors(camptothecin or topotecan), topoisomerase II inhibitors (e.g.daunomycin and etoposide), alkylating agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide,melphalan and BCNU), tubulin directed agents (e.g. taxol andvinblastine), and biological agents (e.g. antibodies such as anti CD20antibody, IDEC 8, immunotoxins, and cytokines).

Btk activity has also be associated with some leukemias expressing thebcr-abl fusion gene resulting from translocation of parts of chromosome9 and 22. This abnormality is commonly observed in chronic myelogenousleukemia. Btk is constitutively phosphorylated by the bcr-abl kinasewhich initiates downstream survival signals which circumvents apoptosisin bcr-abl cells. (N. Feldhahn et al. J. Exp. Med. 2005201(11):1837-1852)

Dosage and Administration

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated in a widevariety of oral administration dosage forms and carriers. Oraladministration can be in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées,hard and soft gelatin capsules, solutions, emulsions, syrups, orsuspensions. Compounds of the present invention are efficacious whenadministered by other routes of administration including continuous(intravenous drip) topical parenteral, intramuscular, intravenous,subcutaneous, transdermal (which may include a penetration enhancementagent), buccal, nasal, inhalation and suppository administration, amongother routes of administration. The preferred manner of administrationis generally oral using a convenient daily dosing regimen which can beadjusted according to the degree of affliction and the patient'sresponse to the active ingredient.

A compound or compounds of the present invention, as well as theirpharmaceutically useable salts, together with one or more conventionalexcipients, carriers, or diluents, may be placed into the form ofpharmaceutical compositions and unit dosages. The pharmaceuticalcompositions and unit dosage forms may be comprised of conventionalingredients in conventional proportions, with or without additionalactive compounds or principles, and the unit dosage forms may containany suitable effective amount of the active ingredient commensurate withthe intended daily dosage range to be employed. The pharmaceuticalcompositions may be employed as solids, such as tablets or filledcapsules, semisolids, powders, sustained release formulations, orliquids such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, or filledcapsules for oral use; or in the form of suppositories for rectal orvaginal administration; or in the form of sterile injectable solutionsfor parenteral use. A typical preparation will contain from about 5% toabout 95% active compound or compounds (w/w). The term “preparation” or“dosage form” is intended to include both solid and liquid formulationsof the active compound and one skilled in the art will appreciate thatan active ingredient can exist in different preparations depending onthe target organ or tissue and on the desired dose and pharmacokineticparameters.

The term “excipient” as used herein refers to a compound that is usefulin preparing a pharmaceutical composition, generally safe, non-toxic andneither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipientsthat are acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceuticaluse. The compounds of this invention can be administered alone but willgenerally be administered in admixture with one or more suitablepharmaceutical excipients, diluents or carriers selected with regard tothe intended route of administration and standard pharmaceuticalpractice.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable” means that which is useful in preparing apharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, andneither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and includes that whichis acceptable for veterinary as well as human pharmaceutical use.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” form of an active ingredient mayalso initially confer a desirable pharmacokinetic property on the activeingredient which were absent in the non-salt form, and may evenpositively affect the pharmacodynamics of the active ingredient withrespect to its therapeutic activity in the body. The phrase“pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a compound means a salt that ispharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desiredpharmacological activity of the parent compound. Such salts include: (1)acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloricacid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, andthe like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionicacid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvicacid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid,fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid,3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid,methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid,2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid,4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid,4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid,3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid,lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoicacid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid, and the like; or (2)salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound eitheris replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earthion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such asethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine,N-methylglucamine, and the like.

Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules,cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier may beone or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents,solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives,tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material. In powders,the carrier generally is a finely divided solid which is a mixture withthe finely divided active component. In tablets, the active componentgenerally is mixed with the carrier having the necessary bindingcapacity in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and sizedesired. Suitable carriers include but are not limited to magnesiumcarbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin,starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.Solid form preparations may contain, in addition to the activecomponent, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial andnatural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, andthe like.

Liquid formulations also are suitable for oral administration includeliquid formulation including emulsions, syrups, elixirs, aqueoussolutions, aqueous suspensions. These include solid form preparationswhich are intended to be converted to liquid form preparations shortlybefore use. Emulsions may be prepared in solutions, for example, inaqueous propylene glycol solutions or may contain emulsifying agentssuch as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia. Aqueous solutions canbe prepared by dissolving the active component in water and addingsuitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing, and thickening agents. Aqueoussuspensions can be prepared by dispersing the finely divided activecomponent in water with viscous material, such as natural or syntheticgums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and otherwell known suspending agents.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for parenteraladministration (e.g., by injection, for example bolus injection orcontinuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules,pre-filled syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containerswith an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms assuspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, forexample solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol. Examples of oily ornonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include propyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil), andinjectable organic esters (e.g., ethyl oleate), and may containformulatory agents such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying orsuspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, theactive ingredient may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolationof sterile solid or by lyophilisation from solution for constitutionbefore use with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for topicaladministration to the epidermis as ointments, creams or lotions, or as atransdermal patch. Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulatedwith an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickeningand/or gelling agents. Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oilybase and will in general also containing one or more emulsifying agents,stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickeningagents, or coloring agents. Formulations suitable for topicaladministration in the mouth include lozenges comprising active agents ina flavored base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastillescomprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin andglycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the activeingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated foradministration as suppositories. A low melting wax, such as a mixture offatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first melted and the activecomponent is dispersed homogeneously, for example, by stirring. Themolten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds,allowed to cool, and to solidify.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for vaginaladministration. Pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams orsprays containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers asare known in the art to be appropriate.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for nasaladministration. The solutions or suspensions are applied directly to thenasal cavity by conventional means, for example, with a dropper, pipetteor spray. The formulations may be provided in a single or multidoseform. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette, this may be achievedby the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume of thesolution or suspension. In the case of a spray, this may be achieved forexample by means of a metering atomizing spray pump.

The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for aerosoladministration, particularly to the respiratory tract and includingintranasal administration. The compound will generally have a smallparticle size for example of the order of five (5) microns or less. Sucha particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for exampleby micronization. The active ingredient is provided in a pressurizedpack with a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), forexample, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, ordichlorotetrafluoroethane, or carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. Theaerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin. Thedose of drug may be controlled by a metered valve. Alternatively theactive ingredients may be provided in a form of a dry powder, forexample a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such aslactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP). The powder carrier will form agel in the nasal cavity. The powder composition may be presented in unitdose form for example in capsules or cartridges of e.g., gelatin orblister packs from which the powder may be administered by means of aninhaler.

When desired, formulations can be prepared with enteric coatings adaptedfor sustained or controlled release administration of the activeingredient. For example, the compounds of the present invention can beformulated in transdermal or subcutaneous drug delivery devices. Thesedelivery systems are advantageous when sustained release of the compoundis necessary and when patient compliance with a treatment regimen iscrucial. Compounds in transdermal delivery systems are frequentlyattached to an skin-adhesive solid support. The compound of interest canalso be combined with a penetration enhancer, e.g., Azone(1-dodecylaza-cycloheptan-2-one). Sustained release delivery systems areinserted subcutaneously into to the subdermal layer by surgery orinjection. The subdermal implants encapsulate the compound in a lipidsoluble membrane, e.g., silicone rubber, or a biodegradable polymer,e.g., polyactic acid.

Suitable formulations along with pharmaceutical carriers, diluents andexcipients are described in Remington: The Science and Practice ofPharmacy 1995, edited by E. W. Martin, Mack Publishing Company, 19thedition, Easton, Pa. A skilled formulation scientist may modify theformulations within the teachings of the specification to providenumerous formulations for a particular route of administration withoutrendering the compositions of the present invention unstable orcompromising their therapeutic activity.

The modification of the present compounds to render them more soluble inwater or other vehicle, for example, may be easily accomplished by minormodifications (salt formulation, esterification, etc.), which are wellwithin the ordinary skill in the art. It is also well within theordinary skill of the art to modify the route of administration anddosage regimen of a particular compound in order to manage thepharmacokinetics of the present compounds for maximum beneficial effectin patients.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein means anamount required to reduce symptoms of the disease in an individual. Thedose will be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particularcase. That dosage can vary within wide limits depending upon numerousfactors such as the severity of the disease to be treated, the age andgeneral health condition of the patient, other medicaments with whichthe patient is being treated, the route and form of administration andthe preferences and experience of the medical practitioner involved. Fororal administration, a daily dosage of between about 0.01 and about 1000mg/kg body weight per day should be appropriate in monotherapy and/or incombination therapy. A preferred daily dosage is between about 0.1 andabout 500 mg/kg body weight, more preferred 0.1 and about 100 mg/kg bodyweight and most preferred 1.0 and about 10 mg/kg body weight per day.Thus, for administration to a 70 kg person, the dosage range would beabout 7 mg to 0.7 g per day. The daily dosage can be administered as asingle dosage or in divided dosages, typically between 1 and 5 dosagesper day. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages whichare less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosageis increased by small increments until the optimum effect for theindividual patient is reached. One of ordinary skill in treatingdiseases described herein will be able, without undue experimentationand in reliance on personal knowledge, experience and the disclosures ofthis application, to ascertain a therapeutically effective amount of thecompounds of the present invention for a given disease and patient.

The pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in unit dosage forms. Insuch form, the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containingappropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form canbe a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities ofpreparation, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials orampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet,or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of thesein packaged form.

EXAMPLES Example 1

1-Methyl-4-(6-nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine

To 5-Bromo-2-nitro-pyridine (2.00 g, 9.85 mmol) in 10 mLdimethylsulfoxide was added potassium carbonate (2.72 g, 19.7 mmol),1-methylpiperazine (1.64 mL, 14.8 mmol), and tetrabutylammonium iodide(36 mg, 0.097 mmol) and was heated at 120° C. for 18 hours. The mixturewas made acidic with 1M aq. HCl and was partitioned betweendichloromethane and water. The aqueous layer was made basic with 2M aq.sodium carbonate and was extracted with dichloromethane. The organiclayer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo,and was triturated with water to yield1-Methyl-4-(6-nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine (1.82 g, 8.19 mmol). MS(ESI) 223.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 2

5-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamine

Methyl-4-(6-nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine (1.748 g, 7.865 mmol) wasstirred in 30 mL methanol with 175 mg 10% palladium on carbon under anatmosphere of hydrogen gas for 5 hours. This was filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to yield5-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (1.485 g, 7.724 mmol). MS(ESI) 193.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 3

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one

To 5-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (1.06 g, 5.53 mmol),3,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.23 g, 4.61 mmol),4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (400 mg, 0.691 mmol),and cesium carbonate (4.50 g, 13.8 mmol) was added 45 mL 1,4-dioxane andtris(dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (422 mg, 0.461 mmol). This washeated in a 120° C. oil bath for 6 hours under argon. This waspartitioned between ethylacetate and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate.The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash chromatography(gradient elution with 2 to 5% methanol/dichloromethane) to yield5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one(484 mg, 1.28 mmol). MS (ESI) 380.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 4

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-1H-pyridin-2-one

This compound was made analogously to5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one.MS (ESI) 365.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 5

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-1H-pyridin-2-one

3,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one (469 mg, 1.76 mmol),1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamine (205 mg, 2.11 mmol),tris(dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (80 mg, 0.087 mmol),2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino-1,1′-binaphthalene (82 mg, 0.13 mmol), andcesium carbonate (801 mg, 2.46 mmol) were deposited in a sealed vialwith 10 mL toluene. This was heated at 130° C. for 18 hours. Theresulting mixture was poured into 50 mL water. This was extracted withethylacetate. The ethylacetate layer was washed with brine, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo, andpurified by flash chromatography (eluted with ethylacete/hexanes) toyield5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-1H-pyridin-2-one (271mg, 0.957 mmol). MS (ESI) 284.9 (M+H)⁺.

Example 6

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-1H-pyridin-2-one

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one(2.3 g, 5.9 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL tetrahydrofuran. Boranetetrahydrofuran complex (2.5 g, 29 mmol) was added. After stirring for18 hours, this was concentrated in vacuo. Ethanol was added. This wasrefluxed for one hour. This was concentrated in vacuo and purified byflash chromatography to yield5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-1H-pyridin-2-one(500 mg, 1.32 mmol). MS (ESI) 381.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 7

(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone

To a solution of 6-Chloro-nicotinic acid (3.00 g, 19.0 mmol) in 30 mLdimethylformamide was added(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate(10.9 g, 20.9 mmol), 1-methylpiperazine (2.30 g, 22.1 mmol). andtriethylamine (2.18 g, 21.5 mmol). After stirring for 18 hours, this waspartitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The ethylacetate layer wasdried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo, and purifiedby flash chromatography (elution with 3% methanol/dichloromethane) toyield (6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone (2.50g, 9.33 mmol).

Example 8

5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one

To a solution of(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methasone (2.00 g,7.46 mmol) in 10 mL dimethylformamide was added3-Amino-5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.80 g, 8.95 mmol) and sodiumhydride (537 mg, 22.4 mmol). After stirring for 18 hours, this wasquenched with water. This was extracted with ethylacetate. Theethylacetate layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentratedin vacuo, and purified by flash chromatography (gradient elution 0 to 5%methanol/dichloromethane) to yield5-Bromo-1-methyl-3-[5-(4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one(900 mg, 1.94 mmol). MS (ESI) 406.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 9

2-(3-Bromo-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-(3-dimethylamino-phenylamino)-acrylic acidethyl ester

(3-Bromo-2-methyl-phenyl)-acetic acid benzyl ester (421 mg, 1.32 mmol)was dissolved in ethyl formate (2.5 mL, 31 mmol). Sodium hydride (95%,67 mg, 2.6 mmol) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes, this wasquenched with 1M aq. HCl. This was partitioned between ethyl acetate andwater. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with water, washed with brine,dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo.

A portion of this material and N,N-Dimethyl-benzene-1,3-diamine (96 mg,0.70 mmol) were stirred in 1 mL ethanol for 18 hours. This wasconcentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography (gradientelution 5 to 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield2-(3-Bromo-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-(3-dimethylamino-phenylamino)-acrylic acidethyl ester (164 mg, 0.407 mmol). MS (ESI) 405.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 10

6-Chloro-pyridazin-3-ylamine

3,6-Dichloro-pyridazine (7.5 g, 50.35 mmol) was dissolved in ethanolicammonia (100 mL) and heated at (130° C.) for overnight in pressurevessel. Then the ethanol was evaporated under reduced pressure and crudepurified by silica gel (230-400 mesh) flash chromatography usingEtOAc/Hexane (6:4) to afford the title compound (4 g, 61%) as a solid.

Example 11

4-Bromo-6-chloro-pyridazin-3-ylamine

To a solution of 6-Chloro-pyridazin-3-ylamine (4 g, 31 mmol) in methanol(60 mL) was added NaHCO₃ (5.2 g, 62 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred for 30 minutes at RT then Br₂ (4.9 g, 31 mmol) was added dropwise. Then the resulting reaction mixture was stirred additionally for16 h at RT. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass concentratedunder reduced pressure, crude purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh)chromatography using EtOAc/Hexane (8:2) to afford4-Bromo-6-chloro-pyridazin-3-ylamine (2.3 g, 36%) as a solid.

Example 12

4-Bromo-6-chloro-2H-pyridazin-3-one

To a cooled solution (0-5° C.) of NaNO₂ (1 g, 13.20 mmol) in conc. H₂SO₄(15 mL) was added 4-Bromo-6-chloro-pyridazin-3-ylamine (2.3 g, 11 mmol)in 50 mL of acetic acid. Then the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hat 20° C. followed by addition of water (75 mL) and stirring continuedfor 5 h at RT. The reaction mixture extracted with EtOAc, dried overNa₂SO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure and crude purified by silicagel (100-200 mesh) chromatography using EtOAc/Hexane (8:2) to afford 4(2.2 g, 95%) yellowish solid.

Example 13

4-Bromo-6-chloro-2-methyl-2H-pyridazine-3-one

4-Bromo-6-chloro-2H-pyridazin-3-one (5.02 g, 23.97 mmol) was dissolvedin 40 ml dimethylformamide. Cesium carbonate (9.37 g, 28.76 mmol) wasadded. After 5 min, iodomethane (5.103 g, 35.95 mmol) was added dropwiseover 20 min. The reaction mixture was stirred 3 hours at roomtemperature. The precipitate was filtered off and concentrated and theresulting residue was treated with 20 ml dichloromethane. The insolublematerial was filtered off again and washed with dichloromethane. Thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield4-Bromo-6-chloro-2-methyl-2H-pyridazine-3-one (5.223 g, 23.37 mmol). MS(ESI) 224.9 (M+H)⁺

Example 14

6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-2H-pyridazin-3-one

Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (806 mg, 8.3 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mldioxane. Potassium tert-butoxide (1.793 g, 15.98 mmol) was added.Finally 4-Bromo-6-chloro-2-methyl-2H-pyridazine-3-one (1.7 g, 7.61 mmol)was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at ambienttemperature. The reaction mixture was transferred into an 150 mlErlenmeyer flask and acidified with 15 ml 1 M aqueous hydrochloricsolution, then treated with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solutionuntil the ph reached about 8. It was extracted twice with each 100 ml ofdichloromethane; and the organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.5 g of a light orangesolid. This crude material was triturated with a mixture ofdichloromethane and hexane. The suspension was filtered off and theresulting filter cake was dried under high vacuum to yield6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-2H-pyridazin-3-one(967 mg, 4.03 mmol). MS (ESI) 240.0 (M+H)⁺

Example 15

4-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

Chlorosulfonic acid (17 mL) was added dropwise to1-bromo-3-(2-bromo-ethyl)-benzene (5 g, 19 mmol) at 0° C. The mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 1 h then an additional 3 h at rt. The mixturewas poured into an ice-water slowly and extracted with methylenechloride, and the combined organic layers were evaporated under reducedpressure to give 4.3 g of crude4-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride which was useddirectly for next reaction. MS (ESI) 342.9 (M−Cl+OH)⁻.

Example 16

5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1lambda*6*-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one

The mixture of5-[3-Amino-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one(0.2 g, 0.36 mmol), 4-bromo-2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride(0.4 g, 1.08 mmol) and DIPEA (1 mL) in dichloroethane (10 mL) wasmicrowaved at 120° C. for 30 min, then added4-bromo-2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.4 g, 1.08 mmol)and DIPEA (1 mL) and microwaved at 120° C. for 30 min. After repeatingthis process three times, the mixture was concentrated to afford a darkresidue. Purification by silica gel chromatography (methylenechloride/acetone) afforded 0.15 g of5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1lambda*6*-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-oneas a pale solid MS (ESI) 796.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 17

5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1lambda*6*-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one

The mixture of5-[3-(6-Bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1lambda*6*-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-one(0.05 g, 0.06 mmol), conc. HCl (1 mL) in methanol (10 mL) was stirred rtfor 30 min. The mixture was neutralized with solid Na₂CO₃ andconcentrated to afford a dark residue. Purification by silica gelchromatography (methylene chloride/acetone) afforded 0.01 g of5-[3-(6-bromo-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1lambda*6*-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-1H-pyridin-2-oneas a pale solid MS (ESI) 682.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 18

(4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-phenylethynyl)-trimethyl-silane

To Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 4-tert-butyl-2-nitro-phenyl ester(3.715 g, 11.35 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphoshpine)palladium(II) (336mg, 0.478 mmol), cuprous iodide (168 mg, 0.882 mmol) was addeddimethylformamide (45 mL), triethylamine (1.72 g, 17.0 mmol), andtrimethylsilylacetylene (2.229 g, 22.70 mmol). The resulting mixture washeated at 90° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen for 15 minutes. Thiswas partitioned between ethylacetate and water. The ethylacetate layerwas washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, concentrated invacuo, and purified by flash chromatography with elution with CH₂Cl₂ toyield (4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-phenylethynyl)-trimethyl-silane (3.193 g,11.61 mmol).

Example 19

4-tert-Butyl-1-ethynyl-2-nitro-benzene

(4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-phenylethynyl)-trimethyl-silane (3.167 g, 11.51mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.18 g, 23.0 mmol) were stirred in 75 mLmethanol for 20 minutes. The resulting mixture was partitioned betweenethylacetate and water. The ethylacetate layer was washed with brine,dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flashchromatography with gradient elution with 0 to 5% ethylacetate/hexanesto yield 4-tert-Butyl-1-ethynyl-2-nitro-benzene (1.910 g, 9.398 mmol).

Example 20

4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-benzoic acid

4-tert-Butyl-1-ethynyl-2-nitro-benzene (1.662 g, 8.176 mmol) wasdissolved in 20 mL carban tetrachloride, 20 mL acetonitrile, and 40 mLwater. Periodic acid (9.322 g, 40.89 mmol) was added followed byruthenium(III)chloride hydrate (85 mg, 0.41 mmol). After stirring of 90minutes, the resulting mixture was diluted with water and extracted withthree portions of dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane layerswee dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to yield4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-benzoic acid (1.924 g, 86.19 mmol).

Example 21

2-Amino-4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid

4-tert-Butyl-2-nitro-benzoic acid (199 mg, 8.91 mmol), and 10% palladiumon carbon (40 mg) were stirred in 6 mL ethanol under an atmosphere ofhydrogen for 3 hours. The resulting mixture was filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to yield 2-Amino-4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid (177mg, 0.916 mmol).

Example 22

7-tert-Butyl-3-[2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one

A solution of 2-Amino-4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid (78 mg, 0.41 mmol) in 2mL trimethylorthoformate was heated to 105° C. for 30 minutes. Theresulting solution was concentrated in vacuo.2-Methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenylamine(100 mg, 0.41 mmol) in 2 mL toluene was added. The resulting mixture washeated at reflux for 1 hour, concentrated in vacuo, and purified byflash chromatography (15% ethylacetate/hexanes) to yield7-tert-Butyl-3-[2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one(68 mg, 0.16 mmol). MS (ESI) 419.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 23

7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one

A solution of6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-2H-pyridazin-3-one(56 mg, 0.16 mmol),7-tert-Butyl-3-[2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one(68 mg, 0.16 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (19 mg,0.016 mmol), and sodium carbonate (52 mg, 0.49 mmol) in 2 mL1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1 mL water was heated on the microwavesynthesizer at 170° C. for 12.5 minutes. The resulting mixture waspartitioned between ethylacetate and water. The ethylacetate layer waswashed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, concentrated in vacuo,and purified by preparative TLC (10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one(26.4 mg, 0.044 mmol). MS (ESI) 606 (M+H)⁺.

Example 24

7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one

To a mixture of7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one(11 mg, 0.018 mmol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (1.3 mg, 0.019 mmol) in1 mL methanol was added 1 drop of 2M hydrochloric acid in methanol tobring the pH to 3. After stirring for 45 minutes, the resulting mixturewas partitioned between ethylacetate and dilute aqueous NaHCO₃. Theethylacetate layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄,concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative TLC (5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂)to yield7-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one(6.5 mg, 0.011 mmol). MS (ESI) 608 (M+H)⁺.

Example 25

(6-Amino-pyridin-3-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone

To a solution of morpholine (9.00 g, 103 mmol) in 400 mL ethanol wasadded N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (10.0g, 52.2 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (7.00 g, 51.8 mmol), and6-aminonicotinic acid (6.00 g, 43.4 mmol). After stirring for 18 hours,the resulting solid was filtered. This was triturated with a mixture of100 mL methanol and 100 mL dichloromethane to yield(6-Amino-pyridin-3-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone (3.08 g, 14.9 mmol). MS(ESI) 208.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 26

6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-2H-pyridazin-3-one

(6-Amino-pyridin-3-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone (2.921 g, 14.11 mmol)was suspended in 50 mL dimethylformamide and cooled to 0° C. Sodiumhydride 60% suspension in mineral oil (847 mg, 21.2 mmol) was added.This was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and was cooled to 0°C. 4,6-Dichloro-2-methyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one (1.256 g, 7.056 mmol) wasadded. After 2 hours, this was partitioned between saturated aqueousammonium chloride solution and ethylacetate. The ethylacetate layer wasdried over anhydrous MgSO₄, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flashchromatography (2% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-2H-pyridazin-3-one(732 mg, 2.09 mmol). MS (ESI) 350.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example 27

4,6-Dichloro-2H-pyridazin-3-one

3,4,6-Trichloro-pyridazine (34.39 g, 187.5 mmol) in 100 mL acetic acidwas heated at reflux for three hours. The resulting mixture was cooledto room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was diluted withethylacetate. This was washed three times with water, washed with brine,dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flashchromatography (30% ethylacetate/hexanes) to yield4,6-Dichloro-2H-pyridazin-3-one (6.143 g, 37.23 mmol). MS (ESI) 165.0(M+H)⁺.

Example 28

4-tert-Butyl-N-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-benzamide

30.95 g (347 mmol) of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol was weighed into a 500mL Erlenmeyer flask fitted with a stir bar and septum. Added 200 mLCH₂Cl₂. Established and maintained nitrogen atmosphere. Stirred thesolution in an ice/water bath. Added 34 mL (174 mmol) of4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride dropwise over 30 min. A white precipitateformed. Stirred at room temperature overnight. Removed the solids byfiltration and washed with CH₂Cl₂. Removed the solvent from the filtrateon rotavap and dried at 60°/4 torr to obtain 45.79 g of the titlecompound as a light yellow resin. MS (EST) 248 (M−H)⁻.

Example 29

2-(4-tert-Butyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole

All of the 4-tert-butyl-N-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-benzamideprepared above (174 mmol) was charged into a 500 mL round bottom flaskfitted with a stir bar and septum. Established and maintained nitrogenatmosphere. Added 50 mL (685 mmol) of thionyl chloride dropwise over 20min. Warmed the flask with a heat gun to dissolve some of the resin andinitiate the reaction. The reaction mixture solidified. Warmed the flaskwith a heat gun to dissolve all the solids. Cooled to room temperature.Poured the reaction solution in a thin stream into 500 mL of stirredEt₂O. A white precipitate formed. Collected the precipitate byfiltration and washed thoroughly with Et₂O. Dissolved the collectedsolids in 300 mL water and neutralized with 25% NaOH. Extracted theyellow aqueous solution with 2×200 mL Et₂O. Washed the yellow extractswith 200 brine, dried over MgSO₄, and removed the solvent on rotavap toobtain 28.50 g of the title compound as a waxy white solid. MS (ESI) 232(M+H)⁺.

Example 30

5-tert-Butyl-2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-benzaldehyde

An oven dried 250 mL 3-neck round bottom flask was fitted with athermometer, stir bar, septum, and nitrogen inlet. Added 8.02 g (34.7mmol) of 2-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole.Established and maintained N₂ atmosphere. Added 100 mL of anhydrous THF.Cooled the clear solution to −78°. Stirred rapidly and added 17 mL (43mmol) of a 2.5 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane dropwise over 10minutes. Stirred the clear amber solution at −20° for 4 hr. The reactionmixture became red-amber and cloudy. Cooled the mixture to −78°. Stirredrapidly and added 12 mL of DMF dropwise at a rate to keep thetemperature below −60°. Stirred at −78° for 15 min. Stirred at −20° for1 hr. Stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Quenched with 100 mL of 0.5M aqueous KHSO₄. The aqueous phase was still strongly basic. Added more1.0 M KHSO₄ until the pH was ˜2. Diluted the two phase solution with 300mL Et₂O. Separated phases and extracted the aqueous phase with 100 mLEt₂O. Washed the combined organic phases with 200 mL brine and driedover K₂CO₃. Filtered through 120 g of silica gel and washed through with300 mL Et₂O to remove baseline impurities. Removed the solvent onrotavap to obtain 8.18 g of the title compound as a clear yellow liquid.MS (ESI) 260 (M+H)⁺.

Example 31

5-tort-Butyl-3-ethoxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one

3.66 g (14.1 mmol) of5-tert-Butyl-2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-benzaldehyde wasweighed into a 200 mL round bottom flask fitted with a stir bar andreflux condenser. Added 75 mL of ethanol and stirred to obtain a clearsolution. Added 50 mL of 50% aqueous sulfuric acid. Stirred at refluxfor 22 hr. Poured the reaction mixture into 400 mL water. Extracted theaqueous mixture with 2×200 mL CH₂Cl₂. Combined the organic extracts andwashed with 200 mL brine. Dried over Na₂SO₄ and removed the solvent onrotavap. Dried under high vacuum to obtain 2.9 g of the title compoundas an off-white solid. MS (ESI) 235 (M+H)⁺.

Example 32

6-tert-Butyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one

2.9 g (12 mmol) of 5-tert-butyl-3-ethoxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one wasweighed into a 50 mL round bottom flask fitted with a stir bar and cap.Added 10 mL (130 mmol) of hydrazine monohydrate. Added 15 mL of glacialacetic acid. Stirred at 100° overnight. Poured the reaction mixture into200 mL of stirred water. Collected the solids by filtration and washedwith water. Dried under high vacuum to obtain 2.24 g of the titlecompound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI) 203 (M+H)⁺.

Example 33

2-Bromo-6-(6-tort-butyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl)-benzaldehyde

5.90 g (22.4 mmol) of 2,6-dibromobenzaldehyde, 1.80 g (8.90 mmol) of6-tert-butyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one, 6.02 g (18.5 mmol) of cesiumcarbonate, 179 mg (0.940 mmol) of copper(I) iodide, and 428 mg (1.87mmol) of 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline were weighed into a 100 mLreaction flask fitted with a stir bar and septum cap. Added 50 mL ofanhydrous dioxane. Purged the reaction mixture with nitrogen for 15 min.Stirred at 100° for 18 h. Partitioned the reaction mixture between 200mL of 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ and 200 mL of water. Separated phases andextracted the aqueous phase with 2×100 mL of 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂. Thecombined organic extracts were washed with 200 mL of brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed on rotavap. Purified the crude byflash chromatography on silica gel to obtain 2.37 g of the titlecompound as an off-white solid. MS (ESI) doublet 385, 387 (M+H)⁺.

Example 34

2-(6-tert-Butyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl)-6-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-benzaldehyde

149 mg (0.338 mmol) of1-methyl-3-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyridin-2-oneand 116 mg (0.301 mmol) of2-bromo-6-(6-tert-butyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl)-benzaldehyde wereweighed into a 4 mL reaction vial fitted with a stir bar and septum cap.Added 2.5 mL of dioxane. Added 0.33 mL (0.92 mmol) of an 0.91 g/mLsolution of cesium carbonate in water. The mixture was sparged withnitrogen for 10 min. Added 13 mg (0.016 mmol) of[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) chloride 1:1 complexwith dichloromethane. The mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 5 min.Sealed the vial with a cap and stirred at 95° for 90 min. Cooled thereaction to room temperature, diluted with 15 mL CH₂Cl₂ and dried overNa₂SO₄. Filtered through a 0.45 μM syringe filter and removed thesolvent on rotavap. Purified the crude by flash chromatography on silicagel to obtain 129 mg of the title compound as a light yellow solid. MS(ESI) 619 (M+H)⁺.

Example 35

6-tert-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one

121 mg (0.20 mmol) of2-(6-tert-butyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl)-6-{1-methyl-5-[5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-benzaldehydewas weighed into a 20 mL reaction vial fitted with a stir bar andseptum. Added 4 mL of CH₂Cl₂ and 2 mL MeOH and stirred to obtain a clearamber solution. Added 1.1 mL (0.29 mmol) of a freshly prepared 10 mg/mLsolution of sodium borohydride in MeOH. Stirred at room temperature for3 hr. Quenched the reaction with 5 mL of saturated aqueous NH₄Cl. Added5 mL of CH₂Cl₂ to the reaction mixture and separated phases. Washed theorganic phase with 5 mL brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and removed thesolvent on rotavap. Added 2 mL acetonitrile to the residue and immersedthe vial in an ultrasonic bath. The residue dissolved momentarily, thena white precipitate rapidly crystallized out of solution. Added 5 mLEt₂O to the mixture and collected the precipitate by filtration. Driedunder high vacuum to obtain 95 mg of the title compound as an off-whitesolid. MS (ESI) 621 (M+H)⁺.

Assay Data

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibition Assay

The assay is a capture of radioactive ³³P phosphorylated product throughfiltration. The interactions of Btk, biotinylated SH₂ peptide substrate(Src homology), and ATP lead to phosphorylation of the peptidesubstrate. Biotinylated product is bound streptavidin sepharose beads.All bound, radiolabeled products are detected by scintillation counter.

Plates assayed are 96-well polypropylene (Greiner) and 96-well 1.2 μmhydrophilic PVDF filter plates (Millipore). Concentrations reported hereare final assay concentrations: 10-100 μM compounds in DMSO (Burdick andJackson), 5-10 nM Btk enzyme (His-tagged, full-length), 30 μM peptidesubstrate (Biotin-Aca-AAAEEIYGEI-NH₂), 100 μM ATP (Sigma), 8 mMimidazole (Sigma, pH 7.2), 8 mM glycerol-2-phosphate (Sigma), 200 μMEGTA (Roche Diagnostics), 1 mM MnCl₂ (Sigma), 20 mM MgCl₂ (Sigma), 0.1mg/ml BSA (Sigma), 2 mM DTT (Sigma), 1 μCi ³³P ATP (Amersham), 20%streptavidin sepharose beads (Amersham), 50 mM EDTA (Gibco), 2 M NaCl(Gibco), 2 M NaCl w/1% phosphoric acid (Gibco), microscint-20 (PerkinElmer).

IC₅₀ determinations are calculated from 10 data points per compoundutilizing data produced from a standard 96-well plate assay template.One control compound and seven unknown inhibitors were tested on eachplate and each plate was run twice. Typically, compounds were diluted inhalf-log starting at 100 μM and ending at 3 nM. The control compound wasstaurosporine. Background was counted in the absence of peptidesubstrate. Total activity was determined in the presence of peptidesubstrate. The following protocol was used to determine Btk

1) Sample preparation: The test compounds were diluted at half-logincrements in assay buffer (imidazole, glycerol-2-phosphate, EGTA,MnCl₂, MgCl₂, BSA).

2) Bead preparation

a.) rinse beads by centrifuging at 500 g

b.) reconstitute the beads with PBS and EDTA to produce a 20% beadslurry

3) Pre-incubate reaction mix without substrate (assay buffer, DTT, ATP,³³P ATP) and mix with substrate (assay buffer, DTT, ATP, ³³P ATP,peptide substrate) 30° C. for 15 min.

4) To start assay, pre-incubate 10 μL Btk in enzyme buffer (imidazole,glycerol-2-phosphate, BSA) and 10 μL of test compounds for 10 min at RT.

5) Add 30 μL reaction mixture without or with substrate to Btk andcompounds.

6) Incubate 50 μL total assay mix for 30 min at 30° C.

7) Transfer 40 μL of assay to 150 μL bead slurry in filter plate to stopreaction.

8) Wash filter plate after 30 min, with following steps

a. 3×250 μL NaCl

b. 3×250 μL NaCl containing 1% phosphoric acid

c. 1×250 μL H₂O

9) Dry plate for 1 h at 65° C. or overnight at RT

10) Add 50 μL microscint-20 and count ³³P cpm on scintillation counter.

-   -   Calculate percent activity from raw data in cpm        percent activity=(sample−bkg)/(total activity−bkg)×100    -   Calculate IC₅₀ from percent activity, using one-site dose        response sigmoidal model        y=A+((B−A)/(1+((x/C)^(D)))))

x=cmpd cone, y=% activity, A=min, B=max, C=IC₅₀, D=1 (hill slope)

Representative results are in Table H below:

TABLE II Btk inhibition Compound IC₅₀ (μM) I-1 0.112 II-1 0.022 II-30.018 III-1 0.124

Inhibition of B-Cell Activation B Cell FLIPR Assay in Ramos Cells

Inhibition of B-cell activation by compounds of the present invention isdemonstrated by determining the effect of the test compounds on anti-IgMstimulated B cell responses.

The B cell FLIPR assay is a cell based functional method of determiningthe effect of potential inhibitors of the intracellular calcium increasefrom stimulation by an anti-IgM antibody. Ramos cells (human Burkitt'slymphoma cell line. ATCC-No. CRL-1596) were cultivated in Growth Media(described below). One day prior to assay, Ramos cells were resuspendedin fresh growth media (same as above) and set at a concentration of0.5×10⁶/mL in tissue culture flasks. On day of assay, cells are countedand set at a concentration of 1×10⁶/mL 1 in growth media supplementedwith 1□M FLUO-3AM (TefLabs Cat-No. 0116, prepared in anhydrous DMSO and10% Pluronic acid) in a tissue culture flask, and incubated at 37° C.(4% CO₂) for one h. To remove extracellular dye, cells were collected bycentrifugation (5 min, 1000 rpm), resuspended in FLIPR buffer (describedbelow) at 1×10⁶ cells/mL and then dispensed into 96-well poly-D-lysinecoated black/clear plates (BD Cat-No. 356692) at 1×10⁵ cells per well.Test compounds were added at various concentrations ranging from 100 μMto 0.03 μM (7 concentrations, details below), and allowed to incubatewith cells for 30 min at RT. Ramos cell Ca²⁺ signaling was stimulated bythe addition of 10 □g/mL anti-IgM (Southern Biotech, Cat-No. 2020-01)and measured on a FLIPR (Molecular Devices, captures images of 96 wellplates using a CCD camera with an argon laser at 480 nM excitation).

Media/Buffers:

Growth Medium: RPMI 1640 medium with L-glutamine (Invitrogen, Cat-No.61870-010), 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Summit Biotechnology Cat-No.FP-100-05); 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate (Invitrogen Cat. No. 11360-070).

FLIPR buffer: HBSS (Invitrogen, Cat-No. 141175-079), 2 mM CaCl₂ (SigmaCat-No. C-4901), HEPES (Invitrogen, Cat-No. 15630-080), 2.5 mMProbenecid (Sigma, Cat-No. P-8761), 0.1% BSA (Sigma, Cat-No. A-7906), 11mM Glucose (Sigma, Cat-No. G-7528) Compound dilution details:

In order to achieve the highest final assay concentration of 100 μM, 24μL of 10 mM compound stock solution (made in DMSO) is added directly to576 μL of FLIPR buffer. The test compounds are diluted in FLIPR Buffer(using Biomek 2000 robotic pipettor) resulting in the following dilutionscheme: vehicle, 1.00×10⁻⁴ M, 1.00×10⁻⁵, 3.16×10⁻⁶, 1.00×10⁻⁶,3.16×10⁻⁷, 1.00×10⁻⁷, 3.16×10⁻⁸.

Assay and Analysis:

Intracellular increases in calcium were reported using a max-minstatistic (subtracting the resting baseline from the peak caused byaddition of the stimulatory antibody using a Molecular Devices FLIPRcontrol and statistic exporting software. The IC₅₀ was determined usinga non-linear curve fit (GraphPad Prism software).

Mouse In Vivo Collagen-Induced Arthritis (mCIA)

On day 0 mice are injected at the base of the tail or several spots onthe back with an emulsion of Type II Collagen (i.d.) in CompleteFreund's adjuvant (CFA). Following collagen immunization, animals willdevelop arthritis at around 21 to 35 days. The onset of arthritis issynchronized (boosted) by systemic administration of collagen inIncomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA; i.d.) at day 21. Animals are examineddaily after day 20 for any onset of mild arthritis (score of 1 or 2; seescore description below) which is the signal to boost. Following boost,mice are scored and dosed with candidate therapeutic agents for theprescribed time (typically 2-3 weeks) and dosing frequency, daily (QD)or twice-daily (BID).

Rat In Vivo Collagen-Induced Arthritis (rCIA)

On day 0, rats are injected with an emulsion of Bovine Type II Collagenin Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) is injected intradermally (i.d.)on several locations on the back. A booster injection of collagenemulsion is given around day 7, (i.d.) at the base of the tail oralternative sites on the back. Arthritis is generally observed 12-14days after the initial collagen injection. Animals may be evaluated forthe development of arthritis as described below (Evaluation ofarthritis) from day 14 onwards. Animals are dosed with candidatetherapeutic agents in a preventive fashion starting at the time ofsecondary challenge and for the prescribed time (typically 2-3 weeks)and dosing frequency, daily (QD) or twice-daily (BID).

Evaluation of Arthritis:

In both models, developing inflammation of the paws and limb joints isquantified using a scoring system that involves the assessment of the 4paws following the criteria described below:

Scoring:

-   -   1=swelling and/or redness of paw or one digit.    -   2=swelling in two or more joints.    -   3=gross swelling of the paw with more than two joints involved.    -   4=severe arthritis of the entire paw and digits.

Evaluations are made on day 0 for baseline measurement and startingagain at the first signs or swelling for up to three times per weekuntil the end of the experiment. The arthritic index for each mouse isobtained by adding the four scores of the individual paws, giving amaximum score of 16 per animal.

Rat In Viva Asthma Model

Male Brown-Norway rats are sensitized i.p. with 100 μg of OA (ovalbumin)in 0.2 ml alum once every week for three weeks (day 0, 7, and 14). Onday 21 (one week following last sensitization), the rats are dosed q.d.with either vehicle or compound formulation subcutaneously 0.5 hourbefore OA aerosol challenge (1% OA for 45 minutes) and terminated 4 or24 hours after challenge. At time of sacrifice, serum and plasma arecollected from all animals for serology and PK, respectively. A trachealcannula is inserted and the lungs are lavaged 3× with PBS. The BAL fluidis analyzed for total leukocyte number and differential leukocytecounts. Total leukocyte number in an aliquot of the cells (20-100 μl) isdetermined by Coulter Counter. For differential leukocyte counts, 50-200μl of the sample is centrifuged in a Cytospin and the slide stained withDiff-Quik. The proportions of monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils andlymphocytes are counted under light microscopy using standardmorphological criteria and expressed as a percentage. Representativeinhibitors of Btk show decreased total leucocyte count in the BAL of OAsensitized and challenged rats as compared to control levels.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the subject Compounds for administrationvia several routes were prepared as described in this Example.

Composition for Oral Administration (A) Ingredient % wt./wt. Activeingredient 20.0% Lactose 79.5% Magnesium stearate 0.5%

The ingredients are mixed and dispensed into capsules containing about100 mg each; one capsule would approximate a total daily dosage.

Composition for Oral Administration (B) Ingredient % wt./wt. Activeingredient 20.0% Magnesium stearate 0.5% Crosseartnellose sodium 2.0%Lactose 76.5% PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidine) 1.0%

The ingredients are combined and granulated using a solvent such asmethanol. The formulation is then dried and formed into tablets(containing about 20 mg of active compound) with an appropriate tabletmachine.

Composition for Oral Administration (C) Ingredient % wt./wt. Activecompound 1.0 g Fumaric acid 0.5 g Sodium chloride 2.0 g Methyl paraben0.15 g Propyl paraben 0.05 g Granulated sugar 25.5 g Sorbitol (70%solution) 12.85 g Veegum K (Vanderbilt Co.) 1.0 g Flavoring 0.035 mlColorings 0.5 mg Distilled water q.s. to 100 ml

The ingredients are mixed to form a suspension for oral administration.

Parenteral Formulation (D) Ingredient % wt./wt. Active ingredient 0.25 gSodium Chloride qs to make isotonic Water for injection to 100 ml

The active ingredient is dissolved in a portion of the water forinjection. A sufficient quantity of sodium chloride is then added withstirring to make the solution isotonic. The solution is made up toweight with the remainder of the water for injection, filtered through a0.2 micron membrane filter and packaged under sterile conditions.

Suppository Formulation (E) Ingredient % wt./wt. Active ingredient 1.0%Polyethylene glycol 1000 74.5% Polyethylene glycol 4000 24.5%

The ingredients are melted together and mixed on a steam bath, andpoured into molds containing 2.5 g total weight.

Topical Formulation (F) Ingredients grams Active compound 0.2-2 Span 602 Tween 60 2 Mineral oil 5 Petrolatum 10 Methyl paraben 0.15 Propylparaben 0.05 BHA (butylated hydroxy 0.01 anisole) Water q.s. 100

The foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way ofillustration and example, for purposes of clarity and understanding. Itwill be obvious to one of skill in the art that changes andmodifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.Therefore, it is to be understood that the above description is intendedto be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the inventionshould, therefore, be determined not with reference to the abovedescription, but should instead be determined with reference to thefollowing appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents towhich such claims are entitled.

All patents, patent applications and publications cited in thisapplication are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety forall purposes to the same extent as if each individual patent, patentapplication or publication were so individually denoted.

What is claimed:
 1. A compound of Formula IV,

wherein: R is H, —R¹, —R¹—R²—R³, —R¹—R³, or —R²—R³; R¹ is aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, and is optionallysubstituted with R^(1′); R^(1′) is lower alkyl, hydroxy, lowerhydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, cyano, or lower haloalkyl; R² is —C(═O), —C(═O)O,—C(═O)N(R^(2′)), —(CH₂)_(q), or —S(═O)₂; R^(2′) is H or lower alkyl; qis 1, 2, or 3; R³ is H or R⁴; R⁴ is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lowerheteroalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkyl heteroaryl,heteroaryl alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl alkyl,heterocycloalkyl, alkyl heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl alkyl, andis optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl, hydroxy, oxo,lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, nitro, amino, cyano, loweralkylsulfonyl, or lower haloalkyl; X is CH or N; Y¹ is H or lower alkyl;Y² is Y^(2a) or Y^(2b); Y^(2a) is H or halogen; Y^(2b) is lower alkyl,optionally substituted with one or more Y^(2b′); Y^(2b′) is hydroxy,lower alkoxy, or halogen; each Y^(2′) is independently Y^(2′a) orY^(2′b); Y^(2′a) is halogen; Y^(2′b) is lower alkyl, optionallysubstituted with one or more Y^(2′b′); Y^(2′b′) is hydroxy, loweralkoxy, or halogen; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; Y³ is H, halogen, or loweralkyl, wherein lower alkyl is optionally substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, loweralkoxy, amino, and halogen; m is 0 or 1; Y⁴ is Y^(4a), Y^(4b), Y^(4c),or Y^(4d); Y^(4a) is H or halogen; Y^(4b) is lower alkyl, optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano and loweralkoxy; Y^(4c) is lower cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one ormore substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl,lower haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, and lower alkoxy; and Y^(4d)is amino, optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl; or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The compound of claim 1,wherein Y¹ is methyl and X is CH.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein mis 0 and n is
 0. 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein Y² ishydroxymethyl.
 5. A method for the therapeutic treatment of rheumatoidarthritis comprising administering to a patient in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim
 1. 6. A methodfor the therapeutic treatment of asthma comprising administering to apatient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of thecompound of claim 1.